Fish Artworks
FISH
Range of fossil: recent Middle Cambrian
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Swimming giant grouper among other fish of school
Swimming giant grouper among other fish of school
Front view of Hanturkey
Front view of Hanturkey
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Filo: Chordata
(No ranking) Craniata
Groups, including Fish jaw-less† armored fish Cartilaginous fish Fish with fins (INC. Hostel fish) Fish Robe Exclusion groups Tetra pod The fish is the gill support for any member of the side family of the configuration organisms in all the aquatic animals has a skull devoid of limbs with a number. Life haggish included in this definition, lampreys, and not only the fish of the cartilage and bone, is a group that is associated with a variety of extinction. Although most of the fish will be able to include some large core temperature of large-scale active swimmer, such as the white shark and tuna, it is possible that the temperature of their body is changed to alter the ambient temperature, ( "cold-blooded") There are exothermic. Fish is abundant in most bodies in the water. They are high mountain stream (for example, char type and piston pin) to the depth of the deep sea and the deepest Amino even of ultra-deep water zone from the (for example gulpers and rape), can be found in almost all of the aquatic environment. 33100 described species, has a great diversity of species than other groups of fish exhibition vertebrate. 
Fish, especially in food, is an important resource for human beings all over the world. It was grown in hunting and subsistence fishermen fish wild fisheries (see fishing), or Ikechu and cages in the ocean (see aquaculture). They also occurred in catch fish farmers by recreational fishermen, are kept as pets, it is on display in a public aquarium. Fish as gods, religious symbol, art, as the subject of books and movies, had a role in the culture since ancient times.
The term "fish" is defined in the negative, the same ancestor in tetrapod to get off from (ie, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals) because it excludes, it is paraphyletic, is not considered an appropriate grouping systematic biology. Pisces of the traditional term is not considered (also ichthyes) phylogenetic classification types.
Can be classified as fish, first of organisms it was the first of the Cambrian soft body chordate that appeared in between. Although they lacked a true spine, they had a can notochord be agile than their invertebrate. Fish diversification in a wide variety of ways, will continue to evolve through the Paleozoic. Many of the fish of the Paleozoic is to protect them from predators, we have developed the external armor. The first fish of the jaw, many after that appeared in the Silurian (for example, sharks, etc.), rather than the ocean predator wonders, became just the prey of arthropods.
Contents
1 evolution 1.1 classification 2 diversity 3 Anatomy 3.1 breathing 3.1.1 gill 3.1.2 breathing air
3.2 circulation
3.3 digestion
3.4 excretion
3.6.2.1 Vision 3.6.2.2 hearing 3.6.3 capacity for pain Muscles 3.7
3.8 homeotermia 3.9 reproductive system
4 disease 4.1 immune system 5 Save 5.1 overfishing 5.2 destruction of habitat 5.3 alien species 6 importance to humans 6.1 economic importance 6.2 Recreation 6.3 culture 7 terms
7.1 shallows and schools 7.2 fish and fish 7.3 fish 8 Please also see. 9 Notes 10 references
11 Further reading 12 External links evolution
Main article: Evolution of fish
Stick to the lower body large mouth, draw a animal with a long tail fin very small dorsal and pectoral fins, legs is similar to a lizard on the development and scale. [Four]
Knuckledusters a huge prehistoric fish, was one of the 10 meter many Placeholder class (33 feet).Since the fish does not represent a monopolistic group, the evolution of the "fish," not being considered as a single event. [5] Group of lawless, known as the early fossil record armor fish battleship of fish, small fish, in will be represented. Fish of the system of non-jaw is extinct on the fact. Existing glade, lamprey can be closer to the fish in front of the old chin. The first Joe is Placeholder fossil. Diversity of jawed vertebrates, can indicate the evolutionary advantage of the mouth of the jaw. The advantage is large cam force of the hinged jaw, whether it is a combination of improved breathing, or factors is unknown.
Fish is similar to primitive fish in the larva important point, it may have evolved from similar to the jet like a sea of coral creatures. Probably the opposite is the case, the first ancestor of fish, there is a possibility that is keeping the shape of the larvae become (some of the sea squirt, like today) adult.
Classification
The fish is a side family. In other words, any of the clade that includes all of the fish is also a four-legged is not a fish, have been included. For this reason, groups such as the "Class Pisces" seen in the reference materials are used for formal classification no longer elderly.
Sometimes, as your class, traditional classification division fish three existing classes, and extinction of forms are often classified as a tree:
Class jawless rope (fish jawless)
Subclass colostomy (lampreys and hag fish) Lower layer of armor fish (jaw without armored fish) † Class cartilage (cartilaginous fish) Lower layer (sharks and line) subbranches Subclass Amazement subclass (chimeric and extinct relatives) Placeholder class (armored fish) † Thorn fish class ( "shark" sometimes classify the Estelle fish) †Subclass Intergalactic of ichthyologist (left), at 16 meters (52 feet), and the estimated value of 2005, which put its maximum size, is a known maximum of fish Class Ichthyologist (bony fish) Intergalactic (fish) Sarcophagi lower layer (fleshy fins and the fish, the ancestors of trapezoids)
The above scheme can be found in the most common non-professional and general works. Many of the above groups, has led to the continuous group, it is parasympathetic: Nathans has led to again Custodianship, the ancestor ancestor of Ichthyologist to cartilage. With the advent of phylogeny nomenclature, the fish, and the next major groups, it has been divided into more detailed outline:
Class Mining (lamprey)† anthropomorphism class (early lawless fish)† class orthodontist† class pedestrianization classes and lamprey eyes Lamprey family (lamprey)Contents class (contents) †† anthropomorphically class (early jaw less fish)(No Ranking) Aspidiske †(No ranking) Spiritualist rope †(No ranking) Ostracize †Filmography Photostatting (jawed vertebrates)† plate leather leash class (armored fish)Class cartilage (cartilaginous fish)† thorn fish class (shark)Upperclassmen Ichthyologist (bony fish)Intergalactic (Ray fin fish)Subclass Mitochondrion Performances (sturgeon and spatula)
Polymerizes (reed fishes and bickers).Subclass Heterogeneity lower layer of the Holstein (GARS and bow fins)The underlying bony fish (many of the order of a typical fish)Class meat fin subclass (lobe fin fish)Subclass Activist (coelenterate)Subclass Diploid (lungfish)† - shows the extinct taxa, Some paleontologists have claimed that a chordate is a primitive fish because contents. For a more complete treatment of this classification method, please see the vertebrate article.
It was solved not at the position of the lamprey in chordates. 1998 and phylogeny study of 1999, haggish and lamprey is a natural group is a sister group of Photostatting, we support the idea of forming a colostomy.
Various groups of fish, accounting for more than half of the vertebrate species. 970 sharks, in the rays and chimera about 108 lampreys and hag-fish, nearly 27000 of a bony fish, and Yes and there are nearly 28,000 known species. To enter the 1 9 within the maximum of a family of 3 minutes of these species. Low to high, these families are carp family, Biddable, Chlamydiae, Characterize, Varicolored, Editorialize, Serrano, is Bella family and Discordance. About 64 families, including the single species, single type. The final total of the existing species, can grow to more than 32,500.
Diversity
Examples of the main types of fish
Muagotsuna
(Pacific Ocean lamprey)
Chondrichthyes
(Horn Shark)
Actinopterygii
(Brown trout)
Meat fin subclass
(coelenterate)
Many of the smaller sub, fish photos in straight. Is the final at some point, and the other thing, two or three substantially flat triangular flap, ending with each in a dark stain, is long.
Fish come in many shapes and sizes. It is a sea dragon, seahorse relatives. They are, it is possible to interact with floating algae, it comes with the form of its leaves.
Main article: Fish of diversity
The term "fish" is, if there is to be more precise, long, has a tetra pod skull than was galls have been a life and members (i.e, backbone and skull, the animal in most cases) is a form of fins explains. Unlike groups such as birds and mammals, such as, fish single clad is, haggish, lampreys, sharks and line, line fin fish, parasympathetic group of taxa such as the coelenterate and lungfish, it does not have . In fact, lungfish and coelenterate is other than fish, such as fish Same fin (mammals, such as birds, amphibians, etc.) because it is the relatives close to that of tetra pods, of all of the last of the common fish ancestor is also the ancestor of trapezoids. parasympathetic group, as no longer be recognized by the systematic biology of modern, should not be avoided the term "fish" is as a biological group.
In general, many kinds of aquatic animals called "fish" are not fish in the sense of the above. Examples include shellfish, squid, starfish, crabs and jellyfish. In earlier times, even biologists Please do not distinguish -. 16 century classification seal of naturalist, whales, amphibians, crocodiles, hippos, as well as an even number, however, including the whale as a host of aquatic invertebrates and fish, according to the above definition, all of a mammal , whales and dolphins are not fish. In some contexts, especially in aquaculture, the true fish known as fish (or fish) distinguishes these other animals.
Typical fish, has a streamlined body in order to swim faster than is ectothermic, using the water of the gills, or organs, oxygen the oxygen in the air from using the breathing breathing Accessories to extract, of fin paired two sets, usually have a 1 or 2 (rarely 3) dorsal fin, anal fin and tail fin, has a chin, it is covered with normal scales have a skin you are, they lay eggs.
Each criterion, there are exceptions. Tuna shows swordfish, and greatly some warm-blooded adaptation capable of heating their bodies to above the temperature of the water surrounding the several species of shark. Rationalization and swimming performance varies depending on the fish as tuna, salmon and jack it is possible to cover the length of the per second 10-20 body to species such as internal use eel and lines that at best swim per 0.5 body length mass second. Many groups of freshwater fish extract oxygen from the air and water using a variety of different structures. Lungfish are pairing the same lungs and trapezoids, gourmands is, a structure many catfish, such as Cordilleras is, that while extracting the oxygen through the intestines and stomach, called the labyrinth organ that performs a similar function we have. Body shape and arrangement of fins, covers seahorses, puffer fish, monkish, and the form clearly Katakana like gulpers, is very variable. Similarly, the surface of the skin of naked (as in moray eels), or usually (typical of sharks and lines) plate-like, cosmos a variety of different types that are defined as (fossil and coelenterate lungfish) you may be covered with scale hardness scales fish (not just a variety of fossil fish, live GARS and bickers), cyclonic, and adenoid scales of (the latter two are found in most bony fish). There are also fish not primarily live in the land. Skippers, interact with each other in food and tidal flats, go underwater to hide in their burrows. [19] catfish cistern Autobiographers live in relative life of the habitat, and flood defoliation of water vapor explosion underground.
A huge 16 meters (52 feet) range of fish size from the whale to a small 8 mm (0.2 inches) is, infant-fish the Tautologous.
Fish species diversity, has been almost equally divided between the ocean (sea) and the freshwater ecosystem. Inland tropical forests, the Indian Pacific Ocean coral reefs, particularly the Amazon basin, while a more diverse in the large basin of the Congo and the Mekong River, saltwater fish, is the center of diversity of freshwater fish. Sweet Tropical one fish more than 5600 species that live in the sea, the fish of the new tropical for about 10 percent of all vertebrate species on the planet will be in the account so. Such a very rich site of the Amazon basin, such as Canton State Park, it can contain more species of freshwater fish production in Europe. [twenty two]
Anatomy
Main article: Anatomy of fish
Anatomy of hectoris Lampanyctodes
(1) - a lid (operculum), (2) - side track, (3) - dorsal fin (4) - (5), so fat - caudal peduncle (6) - caudal (7) - anus, (8) END - the light-emitting device, (9) - ventral fin (pairing), (10) - pectoral fins (pairing)
Breathing
gills
On both sides of the pharynx using the gills of fish, most of the gas exchange. Gills is made up of the structure of filamentous called a filament. Each filament contains a capillary network to provide a large surface area for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Draw a water rich in oxygen from the mouth and the fish of pumping gas exchange through the gills. In some fish, capillaries, make a counter-current exchange, the water will flow in the opposite direction. Gill, please press the oxygen-poor water through an opening in the side of the pharynx. Part of the fish, such as such sharks and lampreys, it has an opening of the plurality of gills. However, Gill teleost is have one opening on each side. The opening has been hidden under the cover of protecting bone called the lid.
Young bichirs have the outside gills, very primitive features shared with the amphibian larvae.
Inhale the air
Fish more than one group, you can live out of a long period of time water. When the amphibians fish such as mud skippers live, until some of the day, you can move in the soil - we [suspicious discussion] or live in an oxygen-free or other of stagnant water. Many of these fish, you can breathe the air through a variety of mechanisms. Skin of Languid eel will be able to absorb the direct oxygen. In the oral cavity of the electric eel you will be able to breathe the air. Varicolored of catfish family, Idealistically, and Oscilloscope will absorb the air through your digestive tract. Pulmonary with the exception of Australia lungfish, and bickers is, and have the same pair and lungs of tetra pods and swallowing appearance of fresh air from the mouth, you must move the air that has passed through the gills. Gar and boffin has a behavior parthenogenesis bladder in the same way. Roach, trashiness and many of catfish, will breathe by passing air into the bowel. Mud skipper will breathe by absorbing oxygen through (similar to the frog) skin. The number of fish, extract the oxygen from the air that have been developed respiratory called accessories. Labyrinth fish (beta, such as with such gourmands) has a run gills above maze organ this feature. Some of the other fish form and function, especially with snake-head, pike-heads, and the labyrinth organ of similar structure in the catfish class Bias department of family.
Split in half gill filaments and vertical across from the top to the bottom of the fish head shot
Tuna in the head gills. Fish head eyes staring into the mouth, will not face the nose down.
It is necessary to air-breathing fish, breathe the air, can be divided into options of air breathing apparatus. Such African lungfish air breathing apparatus, such as, any of the intervention of the above, must be breathing or choking on a regular basis air. Only breathe air in such a case Plecostomus Hypostomus is required, otherwise, facultative air breather such catfish that depend on their gills for oxygen. Most of the air-breathing fish sucks the air to prevent the cost of fitness from exposure to rising costs and predators on the surface to the doctor energy surface. [twenty three]
Circulation
Fish, we have to close the loop circulation system. Pump the blood in a single loop the heart throughout the body. In most fish, the heart and two cameras, consists of four parts, including an inlet and an outlet. [24] The first part is, sinus, before it to allow the flow to the second part, is a fish of blood intravenously accumulation thin wall of the bag, large muscle room there atrium,. One way antechamber is served in the atrium to send blood to the ventricles of the third party. Ventricular chamber another thick, a muscular wall, then the blood leaving the heart, the first quarter, bulbous artery, a large tube pump. Artery bulb is connected to the blood oxygenation aorta flowing to the gills, to.
digestion
Mandibles a variety of food fish, including plants and other organisms, you can eat. Fish intake of food from the mouth, and then break it down into the esophagus. In the stomach, food is digested, in a number of fish, secrete digestive enzymes, finger-like pouch called the nutrients and absorption pyloric vertical, has been prepared. For example, internal organs such as the liver and pancreas, add the enzyme and a variety of chemicals, such as the movement of food through the digestive tract. Intestines, the process of digestion and absorption of nutrients is now complete.
excretion
As with many aquatic animals, most of the fish will release the nitrogenous waste as ammonia. Some of the waste will diffuse through the gills. Waste products from the blood is filtered by the kidneys.
Seawater fish tend to lose water cause penetration. Your kidneys will return the water to the body. Opposite occurs in freshwater fish. They tend to have the water by osmosis. Your kidneys will produce dilute the urine for excretion. As part of the fish can move from fresh water to them is seawater, has a specially adapted Unlike kidney.
flake
Main article: Fish scales
Fish scales is derived from the mesosphere (skin). This is may be similar in structure to the tooth.
Senses and the nervous system
Cerebellum and myelencephalon followed olfactory pair, anatomical view showing a final brain and optic nerve robe,
Dorsal view of rainbow trout of the brain
central nervous system
Other vertebrates, compared to 1 of the normal 15 minutes of the mass of the brain or similar size of a mammal of a bird compared to the size of the body fish is usually very small brain. However, some of the fish is relatively large brain to have about the brain against the large-scale, such as body weight, such as birds and marsupials, especially Myrmidons and sharks, you have.
Fish brain is divided into several areas. Olfactory lobes in front, there is a pair of receiving and processing the signal structure from the nostrils through a 2 olfactory nerve. olfactory lobe lamprey, such as sharks and catfish, is very large in the hunt fish primarily by smell. Two lobes in the back of the olfactory lobe, there is a structural equivalent of a final brain against brain higher vertebrates. Electroencephalograph in fish, are concerned mainly sense of smell. These structures together, to form the foreordain.
Foreordain connection for the birdbrain between the brain (in the figure, this structure is, well below the optical lobes, and therefore not visible). Encephalitic, perform the functions related to hormones and homeostasis. It is located on the upper side of the Alpine eight You etc. between brain. This structure is, to maintain the circadian rhythm, detects the light, control the color change. [twenty five]
Mid brain contains two optical lobes. These are the sights, such as such rainbow trout and chlorides, it is very large in the hunting species by. [twenty five]
After hind-brain brain or, in particular, it has been involved in swimming and balance. Cerebellum is a structure of a single lobe is usually a large part of the brain. Formidable cerebellum is huge, while you are clearly involved in an electrical sense hag fish and lamprey has a relatively small cerebellar. [twenty five]
Brainstorm or electroencephalogram is the rear brain. Control of part of the muscles and organs of bony fish is, at least the brain stem, so as to regulate the breathing and regularization. [twenty five]
Sensory organ
Most of the fish has a very sensory organ that developed. You have almost all of the fish light (please refer to the fish of vision) is a human being with it good as at least the same color vision. Many species of fish have also have chemical receptors is the cause of the abnormal sense of taste and smell. They have ears, but many of the fish may not hear very well. Most of the fish to detect gentle currents and vibration, to sense the movement of a nearby fish and prey, to form a horizontal direction of the line system, it has a sensitive receptor. Art of the fish, such as such catfish and sharks, have the organ that detects a weak current in the order of millionths. can be used to produce other fish, weak current used for navigation and social communication, such as such electric fish Gymnosperms South America.
Fish is oriented using the benchmark, based on a plurality of reference points or symbols, it is possible to use a mental map. Behavior of the labyrinth fish, it was found to have a spatial memory and visual discrimination.
View
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| Blue Whale 2014 |
Main article: display a fish Vision is an important sensory system for most of the fish species. Fish eye is similar to that of terrestrial vertebrates, such as birds and mammals, have a spherical lens. Their retina, generally have a both rod and cone of (dark adaptation for the photopic), and most of the species have color vision. Some of the fish can see ultraviolet light, some, you can see the polarization. While hagfish only have a primitive eye point, in between the fish of the jawless, lamprey has a well-developed eye. Showed their visual fish adaptation of the vision of the environment, for example, the fish of the deep sea have the eyes to adapt to the dark environment.
Hearing
Please see: sensory systems of fish of hearing §
Hearing is an important sensory system for most of the fish species. Using its horizontal lines and ears, sound sense fish.
Capacity for pain
More information: fish pain of
Experiments with William Volga will provide evidence that fish have a fear response and pain. For example, in the experiment Volga, toad fish, the grumbling and the final when subjected to electric shock now brought even just by looking at the electrode.
In 2003, University of Edinburgh and the Rollins Scottish scientist at the Institute, exhibition action of the rainbow trout, in many cases, was concluded to be associated with the pain of the other animals. As with the bee venom and acetic acid was injected into the lips, researchers conclude that it was an attempt to alleviate the pain, his along the floor of the tank to balance their body side and I wonder how such a mammal that has brought the fish rub the lips. Nerve cells were activated in a pattern similar to the pattern of human nerves.
Professor James · D · Rose of the University of Wyoming is, because it did not provide evidence that fish have, research and evaluation were deficiencies to have "conscious awareness, awareness is important as ours in particular kinds. "Rose, recognize the fish of the brain so that different as from the human brain, the fish is probably human beings are very similar to the human response to pain that reaction has rather other causes that have been argued that to not. It rose because their brains lack the cerebral cortex, the fish had published a study of the claim year earlier and can not feel the pain. However, since the animal behaviorist Temple Gran din, fish is still argues that it is possible to have a consciousness without a cortex ", in order to different species to process the same function, different you can use the structure and system of the brain. "
Proponents of animal welfare raises concerns about the possible suffering of fish caused by the fishery. Currently, some countries such as Germany, formally prosecutes fishing the individuals who are cruel to fish, prohibit certain types of the UK RSPCA.
Muscular system
Main article: Fish of the movement
White image bladder with a connection by a rectangular cross section and the banana-shaped much thinner element
Rudd (Common Rudd) bladder
Dangerous most of the fish will shrink the set on both sides of the muscle of the pair of spine alternately. These contractions, to form the S-shaped curve to move the body. As each curve reaches the back flap, a force in the rear is applied to the water, in combination with a fin, fish will move forward. Fin fish fin will function as an airplane. Fin will also increase the surface area of the cola, the rate of increase. Aerodynamic body of fish, friction, reducing the amount of water. Since the body tissue is denser than water, the fish you need to configure the difference and sink. Many species of teleost operates the gas, has an internal organ called the buoyancy and the adjustment bladder.
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| Fish 'n Steve (La Vie de Poissons) |
Shark photo surrounded by a school of other fish
Guadalupe Island Offshore Great White Shark
homeotermia
Although most of the fish are exclusively ectothermic, there are exceptions.
To maintain the body temperature that some species of fish rose. Endothermic teleost (bony fishes) are in all suborder mackerel suborder of, it contains a kind of swordfish, tuna, and "primitive" mackerel (Gastro). All of the shark family Lamnidae - mako, longfin mako, white, porbeagle shark, salmon shark and - an endothermic, evidence has suggested the presence in the trait family Alopiidae (thresher shark). The extent of endothermic is, the elevated body temperature to maintain bluefin tuna and porbeagle shark shark to 20 ℃ or more beyond the temperature of the surrounding water, marlin, depends on their eyes and the brain just warm.
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